Comics-Pro FAQ: Answers, Part 2

 Distribution

How do I get my comic book carried in comic stores?

 Advertising, offers of free books (to catch customers).
-- Donna Barr

The first and foremost way to do this is to get carried by the major comic distributors, or really the dominant distributor, Diamond Comics Distribution. Once they agree to carry you, literally every comic shop which carries Superman can order your work. You "solicit" your book several months in advance, the distributor puts it in their catalog, stores order it, you get a purchase order from the distributor, you print the books to fill the order, shipo them to the distributor, and the stores get them. A month or so later, the distributor pays you. The big trick to all of this is to convince the store owners to pick your book out of all of the ones in the catalog and include it in their orders. Unless you already have fans who will demand your book from their stores, your main marketing efforts will be directed at store owners.

As far as convincing the store owners to order the book:
Attending the Comic Book Expo, a trade show for store owners which is held before the San Diego Comic Con, is a good way to introduce your work to dealers. You can distribute ashcans, sample issues, etc. at the show, and get firsthand info on how retailers like the work.

Ads in Comic Buyers Guide can help, as well. A successful ad in Diamond's Previews catalog will help. Many publishers send postcards, flyers, free books, etc.
--Mike Meyer

Who are the comic book distributors?

 
 Diamond Comic Distribution  The dominant distributor for North America, with several exclusive agreements with major publishers like DC, Marvel, Image, and Dark Horse. Their Previews catalog is extensive, and they sell books to over 4100 comic shops.
 Cold Cut Distribution  Specializes in reorders, e.g. books which have already been published. For most small publishers, gets books on consignment. Pays out consignment sales quarterly.
 FM Fairly new, though owners were active in Diamond's last major competitor, Capital City Distribution. Does handle advance orders for companies not covered by exclusive agreements.
 Syco Distribution  Relative newcomer, they do handle advance orders like Diamond. They handle a lot of Manga material as well as independents and whatever larger companies aren't covered by exclusive agreements.

How do I get Diamond Distribution to carry my book?

 Prove to them that the dealers will carry it.
--Donna Barr

 First-time publishers submit photocopies of the first three issues of their book to Diamond, who will review it with a group of retailers and their internal staff. The purpose of the three issue rule is to prove that you can put out work consistantly. If they feel the book can sell to dealers and retailers, they'll put it in the catalog.

You can help this process by putting out the most professional product you can, naturally, and also by making sure they have information about any following you might have, minicomics sales, fan base, and your plan for marketing the book.

Diamond has a new publishers packet that has complete instructions on this process.
--Mike Meyer

Who makes the decision to carry or not carry a book at diamond?

Mostly the brand managers, with the help of an advisory board of retailers. In a recent Q&A session with Diamond at APE V, Diamond's Bill Schanes commented that this board of retailers is a pretty tough crowd. Diamond often carries books that the retailers have rejected -- store owners are very unforgiving of work they feel isn't ready for the marketplace. I figure that the market has proved them wrong often enough that Diamond has decided to give new books more slack/room for growth.

Mike Meyer, Twist and Shout

How do I get a "Spotlight On" listing? How much does it cost? Do I have to buy an ad?

Previews Spotlights are picked by Diamond's editorial staff, based on their opinion of the marketability of a book. No money changes hands for this, and a publisher doesn't have to buy an ad to get a Spotlight listing. Indeed, buying an ad won't guarantee that you get one. It's strictly Diamond's opinion of the books that are going to be hits. The criteria for choosing a spotlight can be the presence of well-known creators, a fun premise, great artwork, a cool title, or any number of intangibles.

While you can't buy one of these listings, you can increase your chances of getting your book spotlighted by keeping in touch with your Brand Manager, sending him advance peeks at the book, and making sure he is aware of the scope of your promotional efforts. You want the Diamond folks to fall in love with your book enough to spotlight it. It's kind of a popularity contest, true, but you won't win it if you don't play.

Just as there is no way to guarantee that your book will be spotlighted, there's no guarantee that a spotlighted book will get high sales -- it's not clear that these listings have a lot of effect on retailers per se. Indeed, I've heard retailers comment that they think the publishers pay for the Spotlight listings, so they ignore them.

Your best bet is always to write a listing that makes your book sound really good.

Mike Meyer, Twist and Shout

Do ads in Previews increase sales on your book?

The consensus here on this list seems to be that a Previews ad doesn't generally pay for itself in increased sales. Indeed, one list member said that his recent ad in Previews got him all of two orders above those of his last book.

Are Previews ads worthless, then? Maria Lapham of Stray Bullets says 'no.' If nothing else, buying an ad in Previews is good for demonstrating to Diamond that you are serious about your marketing efforts, she says.

I think that many ads in Previews are unsuccessful because they are simply not good ads. Ad design is tricky, and many small publishers fail to put together ads that print well on Previews' 4-color newsprint. Many ads look like they were faxed, quite a lot are done in greyscale but not adjusted for the dot gain of newsprint, so they look really dark, and few of them have compelling copy or graphic design. Some of the ads just don't look like interesting books, or the art looks boring or amateurish.

We have seen people on this list who have had good sales after running Previews ads. Most of them are using the Previews ad as just one part of a broader publicity campaign, so it's harder to tell if the ad helped. I suspect that's no accident.

Seeing as Previews is read by all retailers and lots of fans, you'd think that it would be the single best place to advertise your book. To pull it off, however, you have to design an ad that catches attention, looks good despite the limitations of the printing in Previews, and that represents your book as something that people want to buy. If you aren't sure your ad fits that criteria, do what real advertising agencies do -- test it. Ask readers and retailers for their opinion on your ad designs, and pick the one which the most people like.

Mike Meyer, Twist and Shout.

How do I get my book "Certified Cool?"

Like a spotlight, this is something Diamond's people seem to decide for themselves. You can't buy it, but you can ask your brand manager to consider giving you the designation. Again, because your brand manager has hundreds of book listings to sift through, it's your responsibility to make sure that he gets enough information to fall in love with your book and recommend it as "certified cool."

If my book gets "Certified Cool," will it stay certified?

It seems like once a title gets Certified Cool, it should keep having that designation, but that hasn't been my experience. I don't think that any of our issues are less cool, but that the catalog folks and the brand managers forget about the designation, or maybe they run out of room. I wouldn't mind having a bit of confirmation from Diamond on this, because it seems that they have indeed stepped up their promotion of Certified Cool books in the catalog, with a special index of all the "cool" books, etc.

The only thing I can think of is to make sure that you remind your brand manager that they have given you this designation before.

Mike Meyer, Twist and Shout

Why don't I ever get reorders for my books? Shop owners say that their reorders aren't being filled.

I've been told that Diamond has changed its reorder system, and indeed the number of reorders I've been getting has dropped shortly. In short, when a dealer places a reorder, Diamond holds on to it for a period of a couple weeks. If during this time enough reorders have come in for each issue in the order, the orders are placed with the publishers and filled. If not, they are cancelled, and the dealer is told the book isn't available.

The threshold for these reorders is 5 copies of each issue ordered. No, it doesn't count if someone orders 1 copy each of Dirtbag 1-5. For most small publishers, this means that retailers are being told that your books aren't available any more, and many retailers are taking this to mean that you are out of business. Diamond has promised to rectify this somewhat, by letting retailers know that the order is just being cancelled because it's too small, but I don't know if this has happened.

All I know is that where I once would unfailingly tell people writing us to order the books through their retailer, to support the retailer and distribution system, now I have to sell them directly.

Right now, the best way to get reorders on small press books is through Cold Cut Distribution, who stock the books on consignment. Their minimum orders, however, tend to ensure that reorders only get placed when a retailer has a bunch of books they need.

Mike

I'm told that I have to sell a certain number of books, or Diamond will drop me. What should I do?

 Yes, Diamond does have a policy that they want books to sell at least $1000 per issue, which comes to about 900-1000 copies. Their official policy is that they will drop books which haven't acheived these sales, or at least shown sales growth approaching these sales by the 6th issue.

Unofficially, Diamond has been very lenient about this policy. They will work with you, particularly if you are demonstrating that you are committed to the book, are actively promoting the book, etc. You have to work with them. There have been cases where a less-than-friendly relationship with Diamond and a publisher has caused them to hold to the letter of the policy, but for people who aren't hostile about what is usually a business decision they seem genuinely willing to help.

One high-profile pending cancellation right now is Joe Chiapetta's Silly Daddy -- they've given him one more issue (#18) to increase his sales or be dropped. They have, however, run the book listing with a Spotlight and a color graphic. Joe has a good reputation in the small press community, and actually gets about half of his current sales outside the comics direct market, so there's a good chance he'll get a repreive if sales increase enough.

How should this affect you? Well, since you need to sell about 900-1000 copies of your book to break even anyway, you shouldn't worry about it too much. Market your book well, keep Diamond in the loop and lobby them for color graphics, Spotlights, good coverage, etc. They want the same thing you do -- sales that make a profit for you and for them. If you end up in danger of cancellation, you've got bigger problems than Diamond, anyway.

Mike Meyer

How do I get my book distributed outside of comic book shops?

 Talk to Book dealers.
--Donna Barr
 Depends on the book. Adult-oriented material seems to have quite a few distributors, and they will actually deliver more sales than comic shops. You will need to work with book distributors to crack the overall bookselling market, but large chain stores such as Virgin Megastore and Tower Records order trades and even single-issue comics. If you have a specialty book, say a book about cats, you'd want to work with distributors and large retailers in the pet arena. I think there's a lot of room for publishers to get creative with new realms of distribution, but it's largely uncharted territory, so you will be on your own here.
--Mike Meyer


 Drawing

 What kind of illustration boards do you use?

Strathmore Acid-free Bristol
--Donna Barr

 What kind of pens do you use?

 Rotright extra fine and broad drawing pens.
--Donna Barr

 What size should my original art be?

 I draw at 92%. But it's up to your abilities.
--Donna Barr
 Most common size seems to be 10" x 15" on 11" x 17" illustration board, but really, any size will do, long as the aspect ratio of the page is 2 x 3.
-- Mike Meyer

 Legal

 Should I copyright my stories?

 They ARE copyrighted, according to the Barnes Convention of l979.

-- Donna Barr

 Should I trademark my title?

 If you think it will make so much money somebody may steal it.

-- Donna Barr

 What should be in a contract?

Absolutely NO All-Rights Contracts. Never sell your copyright. And never release your rights for more than a year at a time.

-- Donna Barr

 You want the contract to spell out exactly what you need to produce and when, and you need it to spell out what you are getting for your work, and when you'll be paid. You'll also want the agreement to explicitly spell out what they are paying for in terms of rights to use your work, the ownership of the artwork, reprint rights, etc. Most importantly, remember that nothing you've been promised is necessarily binding unless it makes it into the agreement.
-- Mike Meyer

 Lettering

How do you computer letter a comic page?

 

Where are good places to get fonts?

If you considering doing computer lettering, you could purchase a font from a place such as ComiCraft ( http://www.comicbookfonts.com ), but there are various shareware/freeware fonts that can be acquired for free. Some of these include:

Witzworx shareware font that Ron Evry created (http://www.reuben.org/evry/witzworx.html )

There are also some freeware fonts on Hydraski's Cesspool site by W. Allen Montgomery & Kaare Andrews. ( http://www.dnai.com/~jgriffin/hydra/fonts.html )

In addition you could also look at Chankstore freefont archive (http://www.chank.com/freefonts.html ). A final place you might want to try is to make a request on a newsgroup such as alt.binary.fonts (news:alt.binary.fonts ) or comp.fonts ( news:comp.fonts ).

-- Dave Law

How do you make your own computer fonts?

Chank Diesel of http://www.chank.com/ has a great page describing how to make a font in some detail. His process involves drawing a font, scanning it into Photoshop, using Adobe Streamline to convert to Illustrator format, tweaking in Illustrator, then using Macromedia Fontographer to build a font from the individual letters. You can see this for yourself at http://www.tripod.com/computers_internet/lifesupport/columns/chank/970114.html